Examines Iran-China Trade Relations: COVID-19 Challenges, Sanctions, and Positive Potentials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47742/ijbssr.v3n6p1Keywords:
Iran-China Trade Relations, SanctionsAbstract
Article in English. In the field of international relations, governments use different tools to advance their national goals and interests, some of which are tangible and some of which are immaterial. In a way, these tools mainly indirectly affect the important interests of rival governments and cause them to change their behavior. At a time when the use of force in international relations has diminished or at least governments are more cautious in relying on this tool, the impact on sensitive areas has taken another form, which is a manifestation of sanctions. Sanctions imposed on Iran in recent years over its nuclear program have affected Iran's relations with other countries and thus its interests. Following the sanctions, Iran lost ties with many countries, especially European countries, and thus accelerated Iran's growing relations with China, especially in the fields of economy and trade. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated the positive capacity for cooperation between Iran and China and suggest seven effective criteria based on the objectives of this study.
Downloads
References
Osiewicz, Przemys?aw. "The Belt and Road Initi ati ve (BRI): Implications for Iran-China Relations." Przegl?d Strategiczny 8, no. 11 (2018): 221-232.
Caba-Maria, F. (2021). Iran–China Relations: A Game Changer in the Eastern World. In The Geopolitics of Iran (pp. 245-273). Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
Shariatinia, M., & Azizi, H. (2019). Iran and the Belt and Road Initiative: Amid hope and fear. Journal of Contemporary China, 28(120), 984-994.
Conduit, D., & Akbarzadeh, S. (2019). Great power-middle power dynamics: The case of China and Iran. Journal of Contemporary China, 28(117), 468-481. Chicago
Shariatinia, M., & Azizi, H. (2017). Iran–China cooperation in the silk road economic belt: from strategic understanding to operational understanding. China & World Economy, 25(5), 46-61.
Chaziza, M. (2020). The impact of US sanctions on Iran’s engagement and integration in the Belt and Road Initiative. Digest of Middle East Studies, 29(2), 167-182.
Scita, J. (2022). China-Iran Relations Through the Prism of Sanctions. Asian Affairs, 53(1), 87-105.
Fan, Hongda. "China–Iran Relations from the Perspective of Tehran’s Look East Approach." Asian Affairs 53, no. 1 (2022): 51-67.
Fulton, Jonathan. "The China–Iran Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: A Tale of two Regional Security Complexes." Asian Affairs 53, no. 1 (2022): 145-163.
Garver, John W. "China and Iran: Expanding cooperation under conditions of US domination." In Toward Well-Oiled Relations? pp. 180-205. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016.
Jazairy, Idriss. "Unilateral economic sanctions, international law, and human rights." Ethics & International Affairs 33, no. 3 (2019): 291-302.
Chaziza, Mordechai. "The impact of US sanctions on Iran’s engagement and integration in the Belt and Road Initiative." Digest of Middle East Studies 29, no. 2 (2020): 167-182.
Shakeri, Mehrzad (1396) Study of political and economic relations between Iran and China from 1384 to 1394, National Conference on New Research in Management, Economics and Humanities,
Masoud Rezaei , Saeed Vosoughi, Assessing Iran-China Defensive Relations During the Presidency of Hassan Rouhani, Journal Strategic Studies of Public Policy, Volume:7 Issue: 24, 2017
Ekhtiari Amiri, Reza; Salehi Khanar, Mahboubeh (1396), “Study of the causes and grounds for the expansion of Iran-China relations in the post-JCPOA era”, Journal of politics and international relation ? Vol: 1? Issue: 1
Hundt, S. and Horsch, A., 2018. The Effects of Sanctions on the Lending Policy and the Value of International Banks: the Case of Iran. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, 14(3).
Zhao, Y., Liu, X., Wang, S., & Ge, Y. (2019). Energy relations between China and the countries along the Belt and Road: An analysis of the distribution of energy resources and interdependence relationships. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 107, 133-144.
Shariatinia, M., & Azizi, H. (2019). Iran and the Belt and Road Initiative: Amid hope and fear. Journal of Contemporary China, 28(120), 984-994.
Salami Zavareh, Mahdi, and Mehrdad Fallahi Barzoki. "China’s energy security: Ir iran and Saudi Arabia’s role in China’s energy diplomacy." Iranian Economic Review 22, no. 3 (2018): 707-717.
Zhukov, S. V., and O. B. Reznikova. "Iran in the global oil market." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 90, no. 6 (2020): 708-717.
Shariatinia, Mohsen, and Hamidreza Azizi. "Iran and the Belt and Road Initiative: Amid hope and fear." Journal of Contemporary China 28, no. 120 (2019): 984-994.
Chaziza, Mordechai. "The impact of US sanctions on Iran’s engagement and integration in the Belt and Road Initiative." Digest of Middle East Studies 29, no. 2 (2020): 167-182.
Conduit, Dara. "Is Growing the Iran–China Relationship as Easy as Building a Belt and Road?." In Rethinking China, the Middle East and Asia in a'Multiplex World', pp. 61-79. Brill, 2022.
Kamel, M.S., 2018. China’s belt and road initiative: Implications for the Middle East. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 31(1), pp.76-95.
Monshipouri, M., & Heiran?Nia, J. (2020). China's Iran Strategy: What Is at Stake? Middle East Policy, 27(4), 157-172.
Nabipour, P. (2021). Iran and China: Political and Economic Aspects of the Strategic Relationship. Ukrainian Policymaker, 8(8), 61-77.
"The lion and the dragon: a new stage in Sino-Iranian strategic partnership." Modern Oriental Studies 3, no. 2 (2021): 214-242.
Yellinek, R., 2022. Soft Power and SPPD in China Iran Relationship. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, pp.1-22.
Khanmohammadi, Sarvenaz, and Degang Sun. "China-Iran strategic cooperation agreement in the changing international system." Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 16, no. 1 (2022): 27-45.
Forough, M. (2021). Sino-Iranian 25-Year Deal. Atlantisch Perspectief, 45(2), 27-32.
Akbulaev, N., Mammadov, I. and Aliyev, V., 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19. Sylwan, 164(5).
Wang, Q., & Zhang, F. (2021). What does the China’s economic recovery after COVID-19 pandemic mean for the economic growth and energy consumption of other countries? Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126265.
Maital, S., & Barzani, E. (2020). The global economic impact of COVID-19: A summary of research. Samuel Neaman Institute for National Policy Research, 2020, 1-12.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License