Extended Unemployment in the Congo: A Comparative Analysis by Gender

Zitamelet Kizot Rodolphe Edgard

doi:10.47742/ijbssr.v7n1p1

Authors

Zitamelet Kizot Rodolphe Edgard Marien Ngouabi University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47742/ijbssr.v7n1p1

Keywords:

ILO unemployment, broad unemployment

Abstract

Widespread unemployment in the Congo is massive and multidimensional. It reveals a significant vulnerability in the labor market, with notable differences in unemployment rates between men (66%) and women (62%): men are more affected in terms of formal unemployment and underemployment, while women are more excluded by inactivity, which moderates their unemployment rate but reflects another form of economic fragility. A comparative analysis by sex thus reveals two different forms of vulnerability, which require tailored and complementary policies to reduce precariousness and promote greater participation in the labor market. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for a gender-differentiated approach: for men, it is important to strengthen retraining and entrepreneurship programs; and for women, to develop inclusion policies (childcare, flexible working hours, anti-discrimination measures) to encourage their active participation in the labor market.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Zitamelet Kizot Rodolphe Edgard, Marien Ngouabi University

Lecturer and Researcher

National School of Administration and Magistracy

References

Bardin, B. (2016). Cours de statistique descriptive. DEUG, Institut Africain de la Statistique (IAS), Congo-Brazzaville. HAL Id: cel-01317598.

Banque Mondiale. (2022). Rapport sur l’emploi et la pauvreté en Afrique centrale : cas du Congo. Washington, DC.

Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, distributed by Columbia University Press.

Boungou Bazika, J.-C., Makouézi, C. M. & Bagamboula Mayamona, G. (2020). L’incidence du commerce avec la Chine sur l’intégration régionale dans la CEEAC: une analyse comparative des échanges du Congo avec la RDC et le Cameroun. Centre d’Études et de Recherche sur les Analyses et Politiques Économiques (CERAPE), Brazzaville.

Charmes, J. (2019). Dimensions of resilience in developing countrie: Informality, solidarities and carework. Cham: Springer, Demographic Transformation and Socio-Economic Development, vol. 10. ISBN 978-3-03-004075-8.

Cling, J.-P., Gubert, F., Nordman, C. J., Razafindrakoto, M. & Roubaud, F. (2007). Youth and labour markets in Africa: A critical review of literature. Document de Travail n° 49. Paris: Agence Française de Développement.

Doeringer, P. B., & Piore, M. J. (1971). Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis. Lexington, MA: Heath Lexington Books.

Elson, D. (1999). Labor Markets as Gendered Institutions: Equality, Efficiency and Empowerment Issues. World Development, 27(3),

-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305750X(98)001478

Filmer, D. & Fox, L. (2014). Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa Development Forum Series. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications. ISBN 978-1-4648-0107-5. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0107-5.

Institut National de la Statistique. (2021). Annuaire statistique 2021. Brazzaville: INS.

Ngoma (2018). Evaluation of the Impacts of the Climate Changes on the Hydrologic Network of the Kouilou-Niari Basin in the South-West of Congo Brazzaville. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 7, 28-41.

Kibala Kuma, J. (2020). Pauvreté et chômage en République Démocratique du Congo: état des lieux, analyses et perspectives. HAL Archives Ouvertes.

Nkouka, A. (2019). Chômage et inégalités de genre au Congo: une approche comparative. Revue Congolaise de Sciences Sociales, Vol. 12, n°2.

Nzila, M. (2021). Insertion professionnelle et disparités hommes-femmes au Congo. Université Marien Ngouabi, Faculté des Sciences Économiques.

Roubaud, F. (2019). Madagascar: une trajectoire contrariée. Questions internationales, 97(2), 94-103. DOI :10.3917/quin.097.0094.

Organisation Internationale du Travail (OIT). (2022). ILOSTAT – Indicateurs du +marché du travail au Congo. Genève.

Observatoire National de l’Emploi et de la Formation (ONEF, Congo). (2021). Rapport annuel sur le marché du travail au Congo. Brazzaville.

Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (PNUD). (2021). Rapport sur le développement humain au Congo. New York.

International Journal of Business and Social Science Research